I was struggling to find in this segment any indication that the US was not the only country fighting in Afganistan. Surely the principle difference from Vietnam is that only Australia was involved in Vietnam with America whereas in Afganistan there is a broad spectrum of countries involved.

Vietnam?

Afghanistan Is the New Afghanistan
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/09/04/afghanistan_is_the_new_afghanistan

Turns out when the Soviets left Afghanistan the government they left behind remained in power until the Soviet Union itself collapsed. And the Mujha-da-Wha-Cha-Ma-Call-it didn't show up in Moscow even though you evidently can walk from Kand-da-what to Moscow(according to google maps). Who knew?

Change the last line to "individuals we were actually seeking."

The premise this article begins from is laughable: “I still agree with the view of other historians, especially Neil Sheehan in ‘A Bright Shining Lie,’ that the U.S. could not have won in Vietnam because we were fighting Vietnamese nationalism.” What does it mean to “win” in Vietnam? What is our track record of installing successful democratic governments in other Cold War conflicts—Central America, Indonesia, Greece? It is disgraceful that 40 years after Vietnam we still mull over the subject like we are the victims, only reaching for the most benevolent aims yet failing because we misunderstood the situation. We killed 4 million Vietnamese civilians! We’ve directly and indirectly caused the deaths of thousands of Afghan civilians, and yet it continues to be discussed as some internal struggle all Americans must face: how many civilian deaths are acceptable if Afghanistan has freedom. A more rational historian than those cited in this article has said, “We judge ourselves by our ideals, others by their actions. It is a great convenience.”

Everyone else in the world seems to be capable of grasping that our invasion of Vietnam and Afghanistan is an act of aggression. Remember those days when the warlords were our allies? Were we worried about freedom then? And that time we sold arms to and trained Osama bin Laden and his associates? How about that really wonderful time we had bombing the hell out of the Afghan civilian population after 9/11 when we were hunting for bin Laden and a sum of 250 people max. We only had to kill 2000 civilians to not find any of the individuals we were actually sought.